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    Dynamic Analysis of a Predator-Prey Model with State-Dependent Impulsive Effects
    LI Yong-feng, ZHU Cheng-zhi, LIU Yan-wei
    Chinese Quarterly Journal of Mathematics    2023, 38 (1): 1-19.   DOI: 10.13371/j.cnki.chin.q.j.m.2023.01.001
    Abstract215)      PDF(pc) (2367KB)(316)       Save
     In this paper, a pest-dependent model and integrated pest management
    strategy is proposed, that is, when pest populations reach levels that impair economic
    development, we will use a combination of strategies, such as biological, cultural and
    chemical control strategies reduce pests to a reasonable level. First, we investigated the
    system without control measures, and discussed the existence and stability of equilibria,
    we also proved the system has no limit cycle. Then, a state feedback impulsive model is
    constructed, the existence and uniqueness of the order-one periodic solution are proved
    by means of the successor function method to confirm the feasibility of the biological and
    chemical control strategy of pest management. Secondly, the stability of system is proved
    by the analogue of the Poincar ´ e criterion. Finally, we give an example and numerical
    simulations to explain the mathematical conclusions.
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    Complexity on Proximal Quasi-Newton Methods for a Class of Nonconvex Composite Optimization
    JIN Ling-Zi
    Chinese Quarterly Journal of Mathematics    2023, 38 (1): 62-84.   DOI: 10.13371/j.cnki.chin.q.j.m.2023.01.005
    Abstract184)      PDF(pc) (404KB)(302)       Save
    This paper studies a class of nonconvex composite optimization, whose
    objective is a summation of an average of nonconvex (weakly) smooth functions and a
    convex nonsmooth function, where the gradient of the former function has the Hölder
    continuity. By exploring the structure of such kind of problems, we first propose a
    proximal (quasi-)Newton algorithm wPQN (Proximal quasi-Newton algorithm for weakly
    smooth optimization) and investigate its theoretical complexities to find an approximate
    solution. Then we propose a stochastic variant algorithm wPSQN (Proximal stochastic
    quasi-Newton algorithm for weakly smooth optimization), which allows a random subset
    of component functions to be used at each iteration. Moreover, motivated by recent
    success of variance reduction techniques, we propose two variance reduced algorithms,
    wPSQN-SVRG and wPSQN-SARAH, and investigate their computational complexity
    separately.
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    Space-Time Legendre Spectral Collocation Methods for Korteweg-de Vries Equation
    WANG Chuan, QIAO Yan
    Chinese Quarterly Journal of Mathematics   
    Accepted: 12 April 2023

    Differential Identities in Prime Rings with Involution
    HUANG Shu-liang
    Chinese Quarterly Journal of Mathematics    2023, 38 (2): 134-144.   DOI: 10.13371/j.cnki.chin.q.j.m.2023.02.003
    Abstract137)      PDF(pc) (319KB)(208)       Save
    Let R be a prime ring of characteristic different from two with the sec- ond involution ∗ and α an automorphism of R . An additive mapping F of R is called a generalized ( α,α )-derivation on R if there exists an ( α,α )-derivation d of R such that F ( xy )= F ( x ) α ( y )+ α ( x ) d ( y ) holds for all x,y∈R. The paper deals with the s- tudy of some commutativity criteria for prime rings with involution. Precisely, we describe the structure of R admitting a generalized ( α,α )-derivation F satisfying any one of the following properties:
    ( i ) F ( xx) −α ( xx) ∈Z ( R ).
    ( ii ) F ( xx )+ α ( xx ) ∈Z ( R ).
    ( iii ) F ( x ) F ( xx) −α ( xx) ∈Z ( R ).
    ( iv ) F ( x ) F (x)+ α ( xx) ∈Z ( R ).
    ( v ) F ( xx) −F ( x ) F (x ) ∈Z ( R ).
    ( vi ) F ( xx) −F (x) F ( x )=0
    for all x∈R . Also, some examples are given to demonstrate that the restriction of the various results is not superfluous. In fact, our results unify and extend several well known theorems in literature.
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    Virtual Element Method of the Allen-Cahn Equation
    WANG Pei-zhen, TIAN Xu
    Chinese Quarterly Journal of Mathematics    2023, 38 (1): 20-29.   DOI: 10.13371/j.cnki.chin.q.j.m.2023.01.002
    Abstract150)      PDF(pc) (307KB)(207)       Save
     In this article, the virtual element method of the Allen-Cahn equation on a
    polygon grid is discussed in the fully discrete formulation. With the help of the energy
    projection operator, we give the corresponding error estimates in the L2 norm and H1
    norm.
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    Stability and Hopf Bifurcation of an Eco-Epidemiological Model with Delay
    BAI Hong-fang
    Chinese Quarterly Journal of Mathematics    2023, 38 (2): 157-183.   DOI: 10.13371/j.cnki.chin.q.j.m.2023.02.005
    Abstract179)      PDF(pc) (1289KB)(201)       Save
    In this paper, an eco-epidemiological model with time delay is studied. The local stability of the four equilibria, the existence of stability switches about the predation- free equilibrium and the coexistence equilibrium are discussed. It is found that Hopf bifurcations occur when the delay passes through some critical values. Formulae are obtained to determine the direction of bifurcations and the stability of bifurcating periodic solutions by using the normal form theory and center manifold theorem. Some numerical simulations are carried out to illustrate the theoretical results.
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    On the Eigenvalues and Eigenfunctions of the Sturm-Liouville Operator with the Barrier Potential
    SARWAR Qanitah, HUANG Zhen-you, ZAHID Abdul Hannan, XU Xin-Jian
    Chinese Quarterly Journal of Mathematics    2023, 38 (1): 50-61.   DOI: 10.13371/j.cnki.chin.q.j.m.2023.01.004
    Abstract196)      PDF(pc) (279KB)(178)       Save
    We aim to find the eigenvalues and eigenfunctions of the barrier potential
    case for Strum-Liouville operator on the finite interval [0 ,π ] when λ> 0. Generally, the
    eigenvalue problem for the Sturm-Liouville operator is often solved by using integral
    equations, which are sometimes complex to solve, and difficulties may arise in computing
    the boundary values. Considering the said complexity, we have successfully developed
    a technique to give the asymptotic formulae of the eigenvalue and the eigenfunction for
    Sturm-Liouville operator with barrier potential. The results are of significant interest in
    the field of quantum mechanics and atomic systems to observe discrete energy levels.
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    On the Stokes Phenomenon and Representation Theory of Quantum Groups
    XU Xiao-meng
    Chinese Quarterly Journal of Mathematics    2023, 38 (3): 311-330.   DOI: 10.13371/j.cnki.chin.q.j.m.2023.03.005
    Abstract111)      PDF(pc) (458KB)(174)       Save
    This is a survey paper that lists our research works in the study of Stokes phenomenon of meromorphic ordinary differential equations and its relation with representation theory of quantum groups
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    Initial Boundary Value Problem for Pseudo-Parabolic p-Laplacian Type Equation with Logarithmic Nonlinearity
    PAN Jia-hui, FANG Shao-mei
    Chinese Quarterly Journal of Mathematics    2023, 38 (4): 360-369.   DOI: 10.13371/j.cnki.chin.q.j.m.2023.04.003
    Abstract92)      PDF(pc) (358KB)(168)       Save
     In this paper, we study the initial boundary value problem of pseudo-parabolic p-Laplacian type equation, which be use to model some important physical and biological phenomena. By using the potential well method, we obtain the global existence, asymptotic behavior and blow up results of weak solution with subcritical initial energy. Then we also extend these results to the critical initial energy.
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    Hopf-Rinow Theorem on Convex Complex Finsler Manifolds
    LI Hong-jun
    Chinese Quarterly Journal of Mathematics    2024, 39 (1): 31-45.   DOI: 10.13371/j.cnki.chin.q.j.m.2024.01.003
    Abstract139)      PDF(pc) (365KB)(157)       Save
    Suppose (M,F) is a convex complex Finsler manifold. We prove that geodesics of (M,F) are locally minimizing. Hence, F introduces a distance function d such that (M,d) is a metric space from topology. Next, we prove the classical Hopf-Rinow Theorem holds on (M,F).
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    Weighted Analytic Torsion for Weighted Digraphs
    REN Shi-quan, WANG Chong
    Chinese Quarterly Journal of Mathematics    2023, 38 (1): 30-49.   DOI: 10.13371/j.cnki.chin.q.j.m.2023.01.003
    Abstract209)      PDF(pc) (389KB)(155)       Save
     In 2020, Alexander Grigor’yan, Yong Lin and Shing-Tung Yau [6] introduced
    the Reidemeister torsion and the analytic torsion for digraphs by means of the path
    complex and the path homology theory. Based on the analytic torsion for digraphs
    introduced in [6], we consider the notion of weighted analytic torsion for vertex-weighted
    digraphs. For any non-vanishing real functions f and g on the vertex set, we consider the
    vertex-weighted digraphs with the weights ( f,g ). We calculate the ( f,g )-weighted analytic
    torsion by examples and prove that the ( f,g )-weighted analytic torsion only depend on
    the ratio f/g . In particular, if the weight is of the diagonal form ( f,f ), then the weighted
    analytic torsion equals to the usual (un-weighted) torsion.
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    Some Applications of Surface Curvatures in Theoretical Physics
    YANG Yi-song
    Chinese Quarterly Journal of Mathematics    2023, 38 (3): 221-253.   DOI: 10.13371/j.cnki.chin.q.j.m.2023.03.001
    Abstract504)      PDF(pc) (496KB)(143)       Save
    In this survey article, we present two applications of surface curvatures in theoretical physics. The first application arises from biophysics in the study of the shape of cell vesicles involving the minimization of a mean curvature type energy called the Helfrich bending energy. In this formalism, the equilibrium shape of a cell vesicle may present itself in a rich variety of geometric and topological characteristics. We first show that there is an obstruction, arising from the spontaneous curvature, to the existence of a minimizer of the Helfrich energy over the set of embedded ring tori. We then propose a scale-invariant anisotropic bending energy, which extends the Canham energy, and show that it possesses a unique toroidal energy minimizer, up to rescaling, in all parameter regime. Furthermore, we establish some genus-dependent topological lower and upper bounds, which are known to be lacking with the Helfrich energy, for the proposed energy. We also present the shape equation in our context, which extends the Helfrich shape equation. The second application arises from astrophysics in the search for a mechanism for matter accretion in the early universe in the context of cosmic strings. In this formalism, gravitation may simply be stored over a two-surface so that the Einstein tensor is given in terms of the Gauss curvature of the surface which relates itself directly to the Hamiltonian energy density of the matter sector. This setting provides a lucid exhibition of the interplay of the underlying geometry, matter energy, and topological characterization of the system. In both areas of applications, we encounter highly challenging nonlinear partial differential equation problems. We demonstrate that studies on these equations help us to gain understanding of the theoretical physics problems considered.
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    Independence Polynomials and the Merrifield-Simmons Index of Mono-Layer Cylindrical Grid Graphs
    JI Lin-xing, ZHANG Ke, HU Wen-jun
    Chinese Quarterly Journal of Mathematics    2024, 39 (4): 379-387.   DOI: 10.13371/j.cnki.chin.q.j.m.2024.04.004
    Abstract53)      PDF(pc) (490KB)(135)       Save
    Research on the independence polynomial of graphs has been very active. However, the computational complexity of determining independence polynomials for general graphs remains NP-hard. Let α(G) be the independence number of G and i(G; k) be the number of independent sets of order k in G, then the independence polynomial is defined as ......
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    The Semi-Convergence Properties of the Generalized Shift-Splitting Methods for Singular Saddle Point Problems
    HUANG Zhuo-Hong
    Chinese Quarterly Journal of Mathematics    2023, 38 (2): 145-156.   DOI: 10.13371/j.cnki.chin.q.j.m.2023.02.004
    Abstract118)      PDF(pc) (300KB)(133)       Save
    Recently, some authors (Shen and Shi, 2016) studied the generalized shift- splitting (GSS) iteration method for singular saddle point problem with nonsymmetric positive definite (1,1)-block and symmetric positive semidefinite (2,2)-block. In this paper, we further apply the GSS iteration method to solve singular saddle point problem with nonsymmetric positive semidefinite (1,1)-block and symmetric positive semidefinite (2,2)-block, prove the semi-convergence of the GSS iteration method and analyze the spectral properties of the corresponding preconditioned matrix. Numerical experiment is given to indicate that the GSS iteration method with appropriate iteration parameters is effective and competitive for practical use.
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    The Least Squares {P,Q,k+1}-Reflexive Solution to a Matrix Equation
    DONG Chang-zhou, LI Hao-xue
    Chinese Quarterly Journal of Mathematics    2023, 38 (2): 210-220.   DOI: 10.13371/j.cnki.chin.q.j.m.2023.02.008
    Abstract115)      PDF(pc) (383KB)(133)       Save
     Let P ∈C m×m and Q∈C n×n be Hermitian and {k +1 } -potent matrices,
    i.e., P k+1 = P = P ∗ , Q k+1 = Q = Q ∗ , where ( · ) ∗ stands for the conjugate transpose of a
    matrix. A matrix X ∈C m×n is called {P,Q,k +1 } -reflexive (anti-reflexive) if PXQ = X
    ( PXQ = −X ). In this paper, the least squares solution of the matrix equation AXB = C
    subject to {P,Q,k +1 } -reflexive and anti--reflexive constraints are studied by converting
    into two simpler cases: k=1 and k=2.
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    The Existence of Normalized Solution to the Kirchhoff#br# Equation with Potential#br#
    LIANG Yan-xia
    Chinese Quarterly Journal of Mathematics    2023, 38 (2): 196-209.   DOI: 10.13371/j.cnki.chin.q.j.m.2023.02.007
    Abstract211)      PDF(pc) (378KB)(131)       Save

     In this paper we discuss the following Kirchhoff equation

    \left\{
    \begin{array}{lr}
    -\left(a+b \int_{\mathbb{R}^3}|\nabla u|^{2} d x\right) \Delta u+V(x)u+\lambda u=\mu|u|^{q-2}u+|u|^{p-2}u \ {\rm in}\ \mathbb{R}^3,&\\
    \int_{\mathbb{R}^{3}}u^{2}dx=c^2,
    \end{array}
    \right.
    where a, b, µ and c are positive numbers, λ is unknown and appears as a Lagrange multiplier,

    14/3<q<p<6 and V is a continuous non-positive function vanishing at infinity.
    Under some mild assumptions on V , we prove the existence of a mountain pass normalized solution. To the author’s knowledge, it is the first time to study the existence of
    normalized solution to Kirchhoff equation with potential via the minimax principle.
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    Harvesting in a Toxic Predator-Prey Model with Carrying Capacity and Maturation Double Delays
    ZHONG Ying, WEI Yu-ming
    Chinese Quarterly Journal of Mathematics    2023, 38 (4): 331-348.   DOI: 10.13371/j.cnki.chin.q.j.m.2023.04.001
    Abstract174)      PDF(pc) (589KB)(130)       Save
     In this paper, a model of predator-prey with dual delay in maturation and carrying capacity is discussed, in which the past activity of the prey should have an impact on the carrying capacity, the mature prey initiates defense mechanisms to release toxins when subjected to predation, and a commercial harvest of the prey is performed. The stability of the equilibrium of the system in the absence of delay is examined and the optimal harvesting strategy of the model is proven. By investigating the roots of the characteristic equation and applying normalized theory, the properties of the coexistence equilibrium of the system and the conditions for the occurrence of the Hopf bifurcation in the neighborhood of the positive equilibrium are described for various combinations of delays. In the end, numerical simulations are used to verify theoretical analysis results.
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    Maximal Resonance of {(3,4),4}-Fullerene Graphs
    YANG Rui, MA Yan-fei
    Chinese Quarterly Journal of Mathematics    2024, 39 (1): 1-17.   DOI: 10.13371/j.cnki.chin.q.j.m.2024.01.001
    Abstract126)      PDF(pc) (551KB)(127)       Save
    A {(3,4),4}-fullerene graph S is a 4-regular map on the sphere whose faces are of length 3 or 4. It follows from Euler’s formula that the number of triangular faces is eight. A set H of disjoint quadrangular faces of S is called resonant pattern if S has a perfect matching M such that every quadrangular face in H is M-alternating. Let k be a positive integer, S is k-resonant if any i≤k disjoint quadrangular faces of S form a resonant pattern. Moreover, if graph S is k-resonant for any integer k, then S is called maximally resonant.
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    A New Existence Theorem for Global Attractors and its Application to a Non-Classical Diffusion Equation
    QIN Yu-ming, CHEN Jia-le, JIANG Hui-te
    Chinese Quarterly Journal of Mathematics    2023, 38 (3): 276-289.   DOI: 10.13371/j.cnki.chin.q.j.m.2023.03.003
    Abstract141)      PDF(pc) (364KB)(126)       Save
    In this paper, we first survey existed theorems and propose all 46 related open problems of the existence of global attractors for autonomous dynamical systems, then establish a new existence theorem of global attractors which will be applied to a nonclassical diffusion equation for the norm-to-weak continuous, weakly compact semigroup on H01(Ω) and H2(Ω)∩H01(Ω) respectively. As an application of this new existence theorem of global attractors, we obtain the existence of the global attractors onH01(Ω) and H2(Ω)∩ H01(Ω) respectively for a nonclassical-diffusion equation.
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    Some New Regularity Criteria for the 3D Boussinesq Equations in Homogeneous Besov Spaces
    ZOU Mian-lu, LI Qiang
    Chinese Quarterly Journal of Mathematics    2024, 39 (1): 73-81.   DOI: 10.13371/j.cnki.chin.q.j.m.2024.01.007
    Abstract119)      PDF(pc) (355KB)(124)       Save
    In this paper, we study the regularity criterion for the three-dimensional Boussinesq equations in Besov spaces. We show that the smooth solution (u,θ) is regular if the horizonal velocity uh holds
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